Social and educational exclusion as failures. Framework for your understanding and research

La exclusión social es un concepto que trata de explicar teóricamente una serie de fenómenos fundamentalmente sociales y económicos, que se relacionan con la pérdida, o la negación, de derechos esenciales que definen la ciudadanía social. Listas de factores que provocan exclusión, paradigmas explicativos, ámbitos causales, etc., son las propuestas que los analistas sociales ofrecen para aprehender este complejo fenómeno, mencionando con insistencia su carácter procesual y multidimensional. Pero es necesario dar un paso más y comprender las causas, la génesis y la historia que hay detrás de cada caso, para captar cabalmente el verdadero significado de la exclusión social. La educación institucionalizada, con las embestidas neoliberales y mercantilistas, aparece en este debate como un ámbito esencial para su determinación, ya que la falta de ésta, o si ha sido inadecuada, producirá en los sujetos una serie de acontecimientos en su devenir académico, en su biografía personal, en sus relaciones, en sus apoyos afectivos y sociales, etc., que lo harán vulnerable, como analfabeto, como sujeto sin la titulación básica o falto de competencias esenciales para desenvolverse como ciudadano activo en las sociedades plurales de este siglo. La equidad, la formación integral de todos, el aprecio por lo social, son principios pedagógicos que deben aparecer en las agendas políticas para que la educación no se alinee con la exclusión socialSocial exclusion is a concept that aims to explain theoretically a series of facts, generally social and economic, related to the lost or denial of those main rights that define social citizenship. Social analysts offer a list of factors causing exclusion, explanatory paradigms, etc., in order to explain this complex phenomenon, mentioning insistently its character as a multidimensional process. But it is necessary to go one step further and understand the causes, genesis and history of every single case, to grasp the real meaning of social exclusion. Institutionalized education, specially in a neoliberal and mercantilist context, appears in this debate as an essential dimension for its definition, given the fact that the lack of it produces in every individual a series of facts related to their academic career, their personal biographies, their relationships and the existence of emotional and social support, etc., that would make them vulnerable, as illiterates, as individual without the basic qualifications or the main competences that are necessary to cope with as an active citizen in the plural societies of this century. Equity, education in all aspects and dimensions, and the preoccupation for and sensitivity to social problems, are pedagogical principles that should be part of the political agendas so as to avoid the alignment of both concepts: education and social exclusion. Key words: Social exclusion, citizenship, globalization, vulnerability, welfare state, neoliberalism, self-exclusion, educational governanc

Advances in Electrical Machine, Power Electronic, and Drive Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection: State of the Art

© 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] Recently, research concerning electrical machines and drives condition monitoring and fault diagnosis has experienced extraordinarily dynamic activity. The increasing importance of these energy conversion devices and their widespread use in uncountable applications have motivated significant research efforts. This paper presents an analysis of the state of the art in this field. The analyzed contributions were published in most relevant journals and magazines or presented in either specific conferences in the area or more broadly scoped events.Riera-Guasp, M.; Antonino-Daviu, J.; Capolino, G. (2015). Advances in Electrical Machine, Power Electronic, and Drive Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection: State of the Art. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 62(3):1746-1759. doi:10.1109/TIE.2014.2375853S1746175962

Modern Diagnostics Techniques for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics, and Drives

© 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] For the last ten years, at least three different special sections dealing with diagnostics in power electrical engineering have been published in the IEEE transactions on industrial electronics [1]-[5]. All of them had their specificities, but the last ones, starting in 2011, were more connected to relevant events organized on the topic. In fact, these events have been clearly the only international forums fully dedicated to diagnostics techniques in power electrical engineering. For this particular issue, it has been decided to separate the different submissions into six parts: state of the art; general methods; induction machines (IMs); synchronous machines (SMs); . electrical drives; power components and power converters. The second section includes only one state-of-the-art paper, which is dedicated to actual techniques implemented in both industry and research laboratories. The third section includes three papers on diagnostic techniques not specifically aimed at a particular type of machine. The fourth section includes three papers devoted to diagnostics of rotor faults, two dedicated to stator insulation issues, and four papers dealing with mechanical faults diagnosis in IMs. The fifth section includes papers focusing on different types of SMs. The first two papers deal with wound-rotor SMs, the following three papers are dedicated to permanent-magnet radial flux machines, and the last one deals with permanent-magnet axial flux machines. Regarding the types of faults analyzed, there are three papers devoted to the diagnosis of interturn short circuits in the stator windings, i.e., one dedicated to the detection and location of field-winding-to-ground faults and a paper devoted to the diagnosis of static eccentricities. In the sixth section, two papers investigate issues related to faults in drive sensors, and one is devoted to fault detections in the coupling inductors. The last section includes two papers devoted to diagnosis of faults and losses analysis in switching components of power converters.Capolino, G.; Antonino-Daviu, J.; Riera-Guasp, M. (2015). Modern Diagnostics Techniques for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics, and Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 62(3):1738-1745. doi:10.1109/TIE.2015.2391186S1738174562

Rotor-Bar Breakage Mechanism and Prognosis in an Induction Motor

[EN] This paper proposes a condition-based maintenance and prognostics and health management (CBM/ PHM) procedure for a rotor bar in an induction motor. The methodology is based on the results of a fatigue test intended to reproduce in the most natural way a bar breakage in order to carry out a comparison between transient and stationary diagnosis methods for incipient fault detection. Newly developed techniques in stator-current transient analysis have allowed tracking the developing fault during the last part of the test, identifying the failure mechanism, and establishing a physical model of the process. This nonlinear failure model is integrated in a particle filtering algorithm to diagnose the defect at an early stage and predict the remaining useful life of the bar. An initial generalization of the results to conditions differing from the ones under which the fatigue test was developed is studied.Climente Alarcon, V.; Antonino-Daviu, J.; Strangas, EG.; Riera-Guasp, M. (2015). Rotor-Bar Breakage Mechanism and Prognosis in an Induction Motor. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 62(3):1814-1825. doi:10.1109/TIE.2014.2336604S1814182562